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2002 ACF Fall - Packet by Maryland - #6 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
A major innovation in the analysis of this concept was the conjectural variation due to Bowley, which anticipated the so-called "sophisticated" seller analysis known as Stackelberg's Model. The assumption that the seller will not have to deal with an independent change in market price is central to Bertrand's Model, which was intended to refute the original treatment of this concept developed by Antoine Cournot. FTP, what is concept describing a market state in which there are only two firms?
Answer: duopoly
2003 ACF Fall - Packet by Kelly McKenzie (#2) - #4 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
Keynes wrote a book whose title declared the "end of" this economic concept. Its greatest supporter in 19th-century Germany was Friedrich List, whose advocacy led to the establishment of the Zollverein system. In his Discourses Upon Trade, Dudley North gave an early development of it, although its name was not coined until almost a century later by Vincent de Gournay, one of the Physiocrats. It fell out of favor after the industrial advances of the late-19th century, a century after it was held to be the best way to encourage the workings of the "invisible hand" by Adam Smith. From the French for "let it be", FTP, what is this theory advocating no government interference in the economy?
Answer: laissez-faire
2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Michigan A and Cornell - #24 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
His theoretical work on inequality provided an explanation for why there are fewer women than men in some economically disadvantaged countries. This study is included in the work _Collective Choice and Social Welfare _ in which he argues that social reform must precede economic growth. His other important work was inspired by his own experience in Bengal during the 1940s and is called _Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation _. FTP identify this noted economist whose work to help the poor earned him the Nobel Prize in 1998.
Answer: Amartya Sen
2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Michigan B - #15 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
The theory behind this basic concept has been augmented in the 20th century by the pioneering work in indifference analysis of Edgeworth, and its first formulation can be attributed to William Stanley Jevons. It grew out of speculations about the origins of price and the paradox of value, seen in the lesser of cost of bread than diamonds, which implied the need to consider scarcity in determinations of price. FTP, identify this basic economics concept which is defined as the additional benefit that the consumer acquires from the purchase of an additional unit of a commodity.
Answer: marginal utility
2004 ACF Fall - Packet by Matt Cvijanovich - #9 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
Assessed as a part of the Hecksher-Ohlin model, one analysis of this phenomenon is based on the labor theory of value, and it was included in the long 1817 work Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Providing a strong argument for free international trade and specialization, it is ultimately little more than an analysis of relative opportunity costs. FTP, name this theory of David Ricardo explaining why trade of some goods may be more favorable for some countries due to production factors.
Answer: comparative advantage
2009 ACF Fall - Packet by UCLA B - #6 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
In a two product economy, the output of product of one product affects the production function of a second product in a condition of this type which is named for JE Meade. According to the Coase theorem, market failure is due to transaction costs, not to these, which Coase describes as a joint product of a victim and a polluter. Pigovian taxes can be used to counterbalance these phenomena. The tragedy of the commons is caused by the negative type of these. Examples of the negative type include a company's air pollution harming animals. For 10 points, name these phenomena which occur when an economic transaction has an effect on a third party.
Answer:  externalities [or spillover]
2009 ACF Fall - Packet by Duke A and Harvard Zhao - #5 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Geography
The Dangrek or “Carrying-Pole Mountains†run along the northwest border of this country, whose southwestern region contains the Elephant Mountains, a subrange of the Cardamom Mountains. This country's only deepwater port was founded in 1964 and named after the then-king, who abdicated in 2004. That city, Sihanoukville, has seen a surge in tourism, but the most popular destinations remain Siem Reap, at the northern end of the Tonle Sap, and its largest city, at the confluence of the Tonle Sap River and the Mekong. The aforementioned Siem Reap serves as a gateway to this country's temples of Angkor. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country where the Khmer Rouge ordered forced evacuations of the capital, Phnom Penh.
Answer: Cambodia
2004 ACF Fall - Packet by Berkeley C, Florida State B, and Alfred University - #24 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Geography
Its cities include Talas, Osh and its chief port Ysyk-Kol. It has a bicameral Supreme Council known as the Zhogorku Kenesh and its president Askar Akayev has been in office since before it gained its official independence on August 31st 1991. The Naryn River runs through the middle of the country and Its highest point is at Jengish Chokusu located in the Tien Shan Mountian range in the east of this nation. FTP, name this mountainous former Soviet Republic that borders China, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan and has its capital at Bishkek.
Answer: Kyrgyzstan
2004 ACF Fall - Packet by Chicago A and Vanderbilt A - #15 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Geography
It might contain over 6 billion barrels of oil in the Spratly Islands region, but so far exploration has proved too costly. Other islands in it include the Paracel Islands and Pagasa Island, and its sea floor ranges from 100 meters deep on the Sunda continental shelf to over 5000 meters deep in the Philippine basin. More than half of the supertanker traffic in the world passes through this body of water, largely via the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by the Strait of Taiwan, the Karimata Straits, and the Gulf of Tonkin. FTP, name this sea that is claimed in part by Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and its namesake country.
Answer: South China Sea
2008 ACF Fall - Packet by Harvard B - #5 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Geography
The Pigeon and Little Pigeon rivers empty into the river that marks its southern boundary, and Brookville Lake and Hamilton Lake are located along this state's eastern border. The Wyandotte caves are located in the Harrison-Crawford State Forest at its southeast. This state's town of Bedford calls itself the "limestone capital of the world" and one can visit the Dan Quayle Vice-Presidential Museum in the city of Huntington. The Wabash River forms part of its western border with Illinois, and other notable cities include Evansville, Terre Haute, and South Bend. For 10 points, identify this state home to the Hoosier National Forest.
Answer: Indiana [accept Ohio River until "southern boundary"]