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2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Kelly McKenzie (#2) - #15 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
This hominid was at one point erroneously placed in the Sinanthropus group. Characterized by a flat skull with a small forehead, cranial capacity averaging 1,075 cubic centimeters, and a large, powerful, chinless jaw, these hominids had a well-developed communal culture, practiced hunting, and used fire domestically. First identified as a new fossil human by Davidson Black in 1927 on the basis of a single tooth, later excavations yielded fossils from about 40 individuals, but these finds mysteriously disappeared during an attempt to smuggle them into the United States in 1941. FTP, what is this member of homo erectus discovered in Chou-k'ou-tien cave and named for the Chinese city nearby?
Answer: Peking man (prompt on homo erectus)
2005 ACF Fall - Packet by UT-Austin, Chicago B, Yale B, Florida C, and Laurentian - #9 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
His most notorious publication is likely the article "Distortions at Fourth Hand," in which he apologized for the Khmer Rouge, and he also wrote the preface to a book by Holocaust denier Robert Faurisson, claiming that he was defending the principle of free speech. His assault on B.F. Skinner's theories helped to initiate the cognitive revolution in psychology, and his namesake hierarchy ranks the expressive power of formal languages, a concept important in automata theory. His "principles and parameters" approach to language acquisition posits the existence of a universal grammar, and he believes that grammar is transformational and generative. FTP, name this linguist and polemicist, author of the scientific Syntactic Structures and political Imperial Ambitions.
Answer: Noam Chomsky
2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Kelly McKenzie (#1) - #10 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
The one called Crow Dog denied US courts jurisdiction over crimes committed by and against members of reservations. Vallandigham concerned military tribunals, while Quirin held that the sixth amendment did not apply to military tribunals. Garland was one of the test-oath cases, and Yarbrough upheld passage of the Force Act of 1870. FTP, these are all examples of what type of court case, the most famous of which are probably Milligan and Merryman, whose two word name means "from one party only"?
Answer: ex parte
2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Florida Atlantic - #16 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
This woman's writings include the children's story The Eagle and the Wren and the books In the Shadow of Man and Visions of Caliban. The holder of a PhD in Ethology, she is an explorer-in-residence for the National Geographic Society, as well as the only non-Tanzanian to win the Medal of Tanzania. She first traveled to Lake Tanganyika at age 26 in 1960, where she established the Gombe Stream Research Centre. FTP, name this anthropologist, famous for her years of observations of chimpanzees.
Answer: Jane Goodall
2006 ACF Fall - Packet by Matt Weiner and Brown - #4 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
It is a leading exemplar of a mould theory, as opposed to a cloak theory. Its original formulation involved the direction that a canoe on a beach is pointing, which led to this idea being lambasted as derived from a "limited, badly analyzed sample" and the product of "long-time leanings toward mysticism" in a critique by Steven Pinker. Loglan was created as an attempt to avoid the consequences of this idea, which was originally conceived to demonstrate that the Hopi do not experience time in the same way as English speakers. FTP, identify this principle, named for the two linguists who developed it, which states in general form that one's language determines one's perception.
Answer: the Sapir-Whorf-Korzybski hypothesis [accept the Whorfian hypothesis; prompt on Sapir hypothesis; prompt on "principle of linguistic relativity" or equivalents]
2006 ACF Fall - Packet by Georgia Tech A, Oklahoma A, and Florida B - #13 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
This anthropologist wrote about the differing sex roles among the Arapesh, Mudugumor, and Tchambuli cultures in Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, and this author wrote that children growing up in an animistic culture only begin to think that way as they age in Growing Up in New Guinea. The most famous work by this researcher was a study of Manu adolescent girls in relation to American girls, which has often been criticized as being fake, notably by Derek Freeman. FTP name this American cultural anthropologist and author of Coming of Age in Samoa.
Answer: Margaret Mead
2010 ACF Fall - Packet by Yale A
- #18 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
With the author of Steps to an Ecology of Mind, this thinker wrote a "photographic analysis" of the denizens of an Indonesian island entitled Balinese Character. This author compared the gender equality among the Arapesh with the Tchambuli, whose men ran the household, and the fierceness of the Mudugmor. Derek Freeman argued that this author was pranked by her informants of her best-known work. This author of Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies argued that American adolescents should be retrained to accept sexuality more freely, like the adolescent girls she talked to in Manu'a. For 10 points, name this author of Coming of Age in Samoa.
Answer: Margaret Mead
2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Chicago - #16 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
One of this man's students was Jomo Kenyatta, and he wrote the introduction to Kenyatta's Facing Mount Kenya. Author of 1948's "Magic, Science, and Religion", he attacked Sigmund Freud's concept of the Oedipus complex using evidence collected on the Trobriand Islands. The founder of "functionalism", FTP, who was this Polish-born social anthropologist, the author of Argonauts of the Western Pacific?
Answer: Bronislaw Malinowski
2006 ACF Fall - Packet by Matt Keller - #3 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
The earliest member of this taxonomic group, found in 1994, is distinguished from earlier groups in part by a thickening of the tooth enamel. A lower jaw discovered at Koro Toro in northern Chad turned out to be from a new variety, and the first source of the most recent variety was a child's skull found at Taung. Footprints discovered in Laetoli showed that the most famous variety developed a forward-pointing big toe and arched feet, though Hadar was the source for the best example of this genus: Lucy. Coined by Raymond Dart to mean "southern ape," FTP name this genus of hominins that lived from about 5.3 to 1.8 million years ago, and includes such species as africanus and afarensis.
Answer: Australopithecus [accept Australopiths or Australopithecines; prompt on 'hominids' or 'hominins' before "genus"]
2006 ACF Fall - Packet by Berkeley A - #9 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
This man's doctorate work examined The Family Among the Australian Aborigines, the success of which granted him the chance to study The Natives of Mailu. His second wife, Valetta Swann, aided his later studies in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico, and was primarily responsible for the publication of his posthumous A Scientific Theory of Culture. His most famous work features chapters on "The Power of Words in Magic" and "Canoes and Sailing," but it is mostly concerned with the Kula exchange of the Trobriand Islanders. Also the author of the Introduction to Facing Mount Kenya, FTP name this functionalist anthropologist most famous for Argonauts of the Western Pacific.
Answer: Bronislaw Malinowski