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2004 ACF Fall - Packet by Chicago C, Kentucky A, and Delaware - #23 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
Karl Marx distinguished between its appearance in society as a whole among autonomous parties, and its appearance under the authority of a dominant party. Emile Durkheim asserted that it was a prerequisite for the growth of organic solidarity in a modern culture, and wrote about it "in society" in one of his works. Perhaps the best-known example of it is the set of 18 separate operations in a pin factory cited in a 1776 work. FTP, name this sociological concept, the separation of tasks for maximum efficiency.
Answer: division of labor
2003 ACF Fall - Packet by Cornell - #8 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Anthropology
He chronicled his experiences in the field in works like The Indian Journals and The League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee. In his best-known works, he laid the foundation for the study of kinship and developed a theory of cultural evolution positing that cultures develop through stages of savagery, barbarism, and civilization. FTP, who was this pioneer of American anthropology, the author of Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family and Ancient Society?
Answer: Lewis Henry Morgan
2001 ACF Fall - Packet by Stanford - #21 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
The curve representing this quantity is always downward sloping due to Pigou's wealth effect, Keynes' interest-rate effect, and the Mundell-Fleming exchange-rate effect. In the Mundell-Fleming model, it can be stated by an equation that relates consumption as a function of disposable income and investment as a function of interest rates, net exports, and the GDP, all of which, when added together, equal the total income or output. FTP, what is this economics concept that represents the total demand for goods and services in an economy?
Answer: aggregate demand
2008 ACF Fall - Packet by Dartmouth A - #21 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
This must decrease as rival firms' aggregate output increases in order for Cournot competition to hold, and if a strictly positive subsistence level is introduced to a CES function, this quantity becomes non-monotonic. It is given by price times the quantity 1 minus 1 over demand elasticity, showing that its sign is an indicator of elasticity. In oligopolies, this curve has a jump due to the kinked demand curve, and in monopolies, a deadweight loss is caused because this curve, and not demand, determines quantity sold. For 10 points, name this curve that generally marks equilibrium where it meets marginal cost, and which measures the added revenue of an additional unit sold.
Answer: marginal revenue [prompt on MR]
2010 ACF Fall - Packet by VCU
- #4 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
Nominal interest rates are said to lag behind this in the Mundell-Tobin effect. The built-in form of this effect is the base of the "triangle model" of it. This phenomenon can be due to a decrease in aggregate supply or an increase in aggregate demand. Milton Friedman argued that this concept was not linked inversely with unemployment, and in the 1970s, a high rate of this was linked with stagnation, discrediting the Phillips curve. The hyper- form of this phenomenon plagued Weimar Germany, and this effect can be "cost-push" or "demand-pull". Measured by the Consumer Price Index, for 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a unit of currency is worth less over time.
Answer: inflation
2005 ACF Fall - Packet by Grinnell Lyon, Chicago E, UBC A, Florida A, and Penn - #5 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
Henry George suggested in Progress and Poverty that a tax on land alone can eliminate this. It cannot be eliminated during ordinary taxation, though it is minimized when supply is relatively inelastic. On a supply and demand curve, this is represented by the area taken away from producer and consumer surplus that does not go to the government. FTP, what is this fall in total surplus from when a tax is issued in an economy, changing the market outcome?
Answer: deadweight loss
2009 ACF Fall - Packet by Brandeis and UCLA A - #13 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
This economist asked “What need of a House of Commons or of a House of Lords?†in Observations on Parliamentary Reform. His namesake equivalence was popularized by Robert J. Barro. One of his works, subtitled “A Proof of the Depreciation of Bank Notes,†argues for the adoption of a metallic currency and is titled The High Price of Bullion. His most famous work sets out a theory of rent which was criticized by Malthus, as well as introducing the idea of comparative value. For 10 points, name this economist who wrote Principles of Political Economy and Taxation and espoused the Iron Law of Wages.
Answer: David Ricardo
2009 ACF Fall - Packet by Furman, Claremont A, Illinois A, and ULL A - #12 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
It's not by Karl Marx, but this work contrasts “value in use†with “value in exchange†in the section “Of the Origin and Use of Money.†It mentions that "Brutus lent money in Cyprus at eight-and-forty per cent" in a section discussing stock. Its first chapter popularized the phrase "the division of labor" and relied on the example of a pin factory, while a metaphor commonly associated with this work was reused from the author's earlier The Theory of Moral Sentiments. For 10 points, name this 1776 work that used the concept of the “invisible hand†to advocate a laissez-faire economic approach, a book by Adam Smith.
Answer: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
2006 ACF Fall - Packet by Drake A, MIT B, and Georgia Tech B - #10 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
With Albert Hunold, this man co-founded the Mount Pelerin Society, which was dedicated to the preservation of free societies. His Abuse of Reason project criticized social scientists' misuse of natural science principles, a practice he called "scientism." He wrote a critical review of Keyenes's A Treatise on Money, and Keynes returned the favor for this man's Prices and Production. His trade cycle theory was popular during the Great Depression, but he is most famous for a work in which he argues that socialist ideals lead to tyrrany, and that Nazi Germany and the USSR were on the titular journey. FTP, name this Austrian who shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal, the author of The Road to Serfdom.
Answer: Friedrich August von Hayek
2008 ACF Fall - Packet by Missouri - #18 [report this tossup]
Social Studies — Economics
This work discusses the growing importance of burghers in a section that explores the rise of towns after the fall of the Roman Empire. This work discusses the advantages of founding new colonies and uses a comparison of French and Portuguese wine to argue against protectionist tariffs in its fourth book, "Of Systems of Political Economy," which argues against the mercantilist system. Its first section supports the division of labor and discusses a pin factory, while it later argues that individuals acting due to self interest will benefit the market via the "invisible hand." For 10 points, name this major work of Adam Smith.
Answer: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations